Cytology & Blood Smears

Cytology is the study of cells using a microscope to detect any abnormalities or changes in their structure. It is a quick way for the veterinary team to diagnose diseases or infections.

Cytological samples are collected via methods like scraping, brushing or fine-needle aspiration. Scrapings and brushings are when cells are collected by gently scraping or brushing specific surface areas of the body such as the skin or from a swab from the ear. Slides can be made to look at cells from body fluids like blood, urine, cerebrospinal (spinal) fluid, and pleural (lungs/chest) fluid. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is when a thin needle is used to withdraw cells from suspicious lumps or masses, which are then placed on a slide to prepare for the microscope and help diagnose certain types of cancer. 

Blood smears are a specific type of cytological sample that can be looked at under the microscope. These types of slides are created and observed in order to diagnose blood disorders (such as anemia, leukemia, and sickle cell disease), to monitor treatment for blood conditions, and to detect infections or parasites in the bloodstream.

When a member of your veterinary team looks at a blood smear, they are able to gather detailed information about the size, shape, and number of blood cells, including red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.